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propose

2024-06-16 22:00| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

14世纪晚期, posen,"暗示(某事是如此),假设,承认",源自法语单词 poser "放置,提议",这是一个辩论中的术语,来自晚期拉丁语 pausare "停止,休息,停歇,暂停"(也是意大利语 posare,西班牙语 posar 的来源; 参见 pause (v.))。晚期拉丁语的动词也有及物动词的意思,"使停止或休息",因此法语动词(与西班牙语,意大利语,葡萄牙语的同源词一样)获得了拉丁语 ponere "放置,安置"的意思(过去分词 positus; 参见 position (n.)),这是由于类似词干的混淆。

One of the most remarkable facts in F[rench] etymology is the extraordinary substitution whereby the Low Lat. pausare came to mean 'to make to rest, to set,' and so usurped the place of the Lat. ponere, to place, set, with which it has no etymological connection. And this it did so effectually as to restrict the F. pondre, the true equivalent of Lat. ponere, to the sense of 'laying eggs;' whilst in all compounds it completely thrust it aside, so that compausare (i.e. F. composer) took the place of Lat. componere, and so on throughout. Hence the extraordinary result, that whilst the E. verbs compose, depose, impose, propose, &c. exactly represent in sense the Lat. componere, deponere, imponere, proponere, &c., we cannot derive the E. verbs from the Lat. ones since they have (as was said) no real etymological connection. [W.W. Skeat, "Etymological Dictionary of the English Language," 1898]在法语词源学中,最引人注目的事实之一是,低拉丁语 pausare 的非凡替代,它开始意味着"使休息,设置",因此取代了拉丁语 ponere,放置,设置,尽管它与后者在词源上没有任何联系。而且,它如此有效地取代了法语 pondre,即拉丁语 ponere 的真正等价词,以至于将其限制在"下蛋"的意义上; 而在所有复合词中,它完全将其排挤在一边,以至于 compausare(即法语 composer)取代了拉丁语 componere,等等。因此,产生了这样一个非凡的结果,即尽管英语动词 compose, depose, impose, propose 等准确地代表了拉丁语 in sense, componere, deponere, imponere, proponere 等,我们不能将英语动词从拉丁语动词中 derive,因为它们(如前所述)在词源上没有真正的联系。[W.W. Skeat, "Etymological Dictionary of the English Language," 1898]

在英语中,"放在某个特定位置"的意思始于15世纪初。"假定某种态度或性格"(带有人为性的含义)的不及物动词意义始于1840年; 对艺术家的模型等的及物动词意义始于1850年。相关的: Posed; posing。 



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